- NIL (name, image and likeness)
- An athlete's right to be paid for the commercial use of their name, image and likeness — endorsements, appearances, autographs, social posts, camps and merchandise. It is a publicity right, not a wage, which is why the payer, the deliverable and the price all get scrutinized.
- Right of publicity
- The underlying state-law property right in one's identity that NIL rests on. It exists independently of any NCAA rule, which is why athletes retained it even during the era when association rules forbade using it.
- State NIL law
- Statutes passed state by state governing athlete compensation, agent registration and school involvement. They differ materially, several have been amended to shield in-state schools, and whether they are preempted by settlement rules or federal legislation is actively contested.
- Institutional NIL
- NIL activity the school itself arranges, licenses or pays for, as opposed to a deal with an outside business. Under the current model, institutional payments for NIL count against the school's revenue-sharing cap.
- Collective
- An entity organized to pool booster and donor money and route it to athletes at a particular school. Collectives are typically treated as associated entities, which means their deals face the closest review — and many are now merging into or being replaced by department-run operations.
- Associated entity or individual
- A person or organization tied to a school — boosters, collectives, their officers, anyone directed by athletics staff to help recruit or retain athletes, and any individual who has given more than $50,000 to the school or such an entity over their lifetime. Deals from associated parties get the strictest scrutiny.
- Revenue sharing
- Direct payment from a participating school to its athletes, on top of scholarships and outside NIL income. It converts the athletic department into a payroll operation and is the single biggest change to college sports economics in its history.
- Revenue sharing cap
- The maximum a school may pay its athletes in a year, set at up to 22% of the average revenue among ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12 and SEC schools from media rights, ticket sales and sponsorships. It is estimated at roughly $21.3 million per school for 2026-27, is expected to rise about 4% the following year, and is then re-evaluated every three years across the ten-year settlement period.
- CAPS (College Athlete Payment System)
- The platform schools use to allocate cap funds, report every revenue-sharing payment within five business days of final signature, track spending against the cap, and certify rosters. It is the system of record for the whole revenue-sharing regime.
- Front-facing NIL vs pay-for-play
- A front-facing deal buys real promotional work for a real business selling to the public. Pay-for-play is compensation for enrolling or performing, dressed as an endorsement. The distinction is the entire basis of the review regime.
- Third-party deal disclosure
- The requirement that Division I athletes report any outside NIL agreement worth $600 or more in aggregate — including deals that could reach $600 through royalties or bonuses — within five business days of execution or agreement on payment terms.
- NIL Go
- The online portal, built with assistance from Deloitte, where third-party deals are submitted and evaluated. A deal must be cleared to protect the athlete's eligibility; athletes may designate one representative to enter deals on their behalf.
- Valid Business Purpose (VBP)
- The test of whether a deal genuinely uses the athlete's NIL to promote or endorse goods or services sold to the general public for profit. The inquiry looks at whether the goods or services are sold for profit, not whether the business happens to be profitable.
- Range of Compensation (RoC)
- A deal-level check on whether the money is commensurate with what similarly situated individuals receive, based on the athlete's NIL value, the performance obligations and comparable market deals. It is the mechanism that catches inflated 'endorsements'.
- Group licensing
- A pooled arrangement letting a company use many athletes' likenesses at once — jerseys, trading cards, video games — under one agreement, with royalties split among the group rather than negotiated athlete by athlete.
- Roster limits
- Hard caps on the number of athletes per team that replaced NCAA scholarship limits — football from an 85-scholarship limit to a 105-player roster, basketball to 15, baseball to 34. With scholarship caps gone a school may fund every athlete on the roster, so the constraint shifted from grants to headcount; athletes shielded from cuts during the transition are called designated student-athletes, and rosters must be certified in CAPS before the season or by December 1, whichever comes first.
- Transfer portal
- The database an athlete enters to make themselves available to other schools. It turned roster construction into continuous free agency and made retention marketing as important as recruiting.
- Portal window
- The defined calendar periods in which an athlete may enter the portal without losing eligibility for the coming season. Windows compress an entire recruiting market into a few weeks and drive the content and outreach calendar.
- Redshirt and the eligibility clock
- Sitting out competition to preserve a season of eligibility within the limited window an athlete has to use it. Eligibility rules are under active litigation, so the boundaries of the clock are currently unsettled.
- Walk-on vs scholarship
- A walk-on is a roster athlete without athletic aid. With scholarship limits gone but roster limits imposed, the walk-on's position changed fundamentally: aid became possible, but the roster spot itself became scarce.
- Title IX implications
- The unresolved question of how direct revenue-sharing payments are treated under federal sex-equity law, given that most of the money is generated by football and men's basketball. Allocation practice varies by school and is a live legal risk.
- Multimedia rights (MMR)
- The bundle of an athletic department's commercial inventory — signage, radio, sponsorship categories, digital, hospitality — usually licensed to an outside rights-holder under a multi-year contract. The core revenue relationship in college sports marketing.
- Corporate partnership inventory
- The countable, sellable assets a department has: in-venue signage, radio spots, digital placements, promotions, hospitality, naming rights and IP usage. Sponsorship pricing starts from an inventory audit, not from a wish.
- Category exclusivity
- A sponsor's right to be the only brand in its category associated with the property. It is what makes a partnership worth a premium and what makes inventory finite — one bank, one soft drink, one insurer.
- Signage and LED inventory
- Static and digital display assets in a venue — ribbon boards, video boards, fascia, courtside and end-zone units. Digital conversion multiplies sellable impressions but also devalues any single unit if oversold.
- Radio and broadcast rights
- Rights to game broadcasts, coaches' shows and network affiliates. Radio remains a durable sponsorship vehicle in college sports because it reaches a committed local audience that streaming has not displaced.
- Conference media rights and distribution
- The television and streaming agreements a conference negotiates for its members, and the formula by which the money is split — equal shares, unequal shares, or phased entry for new members. These contracts are the largest single revenue line for most power-conference departments, and the distribution formula rather than the headline contract value determines what a school actually receives. Together they are the main reason realignment happens.
- Unit shares
- Payments generated by appearances in the NCAA men's basketball tournament, credited to a conference and distributed over subsequent years. A meaningful revenue line for conferences outside the football-money tier.
- Ticket priority points
- A ranking system awarding points for giving, tenure and ticket history, used to allocate seat locations, parking and postseason access. It converts fundraising into a queue and is the backbone of athletics annual giving.
- Donor seat contribution
- The required gift attached to the right to buy a particular seat, separate from the ticket price. Often the largest component of the true cost of season tickets and the primary annual-fund driver.
- Season ticket renewal rate
- The share of existing season-ticket holders who buy again. It is the leading indicator of program health, since replacing a lapsed holder costs far more than retaining one.
- No-show rate
- The gap between tickets distributed and people who scan in. High no-show numbers hollow out the atmosphere, cut concessions and merchandise revenue, and quietly undermine sponsor value in a sold-out building.
- Secondary market
- Resale of tickets through exchanges. It sets the visible market price of a game, competes with the box office on high-demand dates, and provides the demand signal most primary pricing models now key off.
- Dynamic pricing
- Adjusting single-game prices as demand shifts, versus variable pricing which tiers games in advance. Both aim to capture value on marquee dates without punishing early buyers badly enough to damage renewals.
- Student ticketing
- The allocation, distribution and entry process for the student section. Students are the atmosphere and the future donor base, so the program is managed for attendance behavior rather than revenue.
- Concessions per cap
- Food and beverage revenue divided by attendance — the standard gameday spending metric. It is the number that justifies menu changes, mobile ordering, alcohol policy and point-of-sale investment.
- Sponsorship activation
- What a sponsor actually does with the rights it bought — promotions, sampling, content, hospitality, social integration. Unactivated sponsorships do not renew, which makes activation the retention work of the business.
- Athlete social engagement rate
- Interactions divided by reach or followers on an athlete's channels. Brands buy engagement over raw audience size, and it is a primary input to what an athlete's NIL deals should reasonably be worth.
- EMV (earned media value)
- An estimated advertising-equivalent value of unpaid coverage and social exposure. Useful for order-of-magnitude comparison and widely quoted, but methodology varies by vendor, so it should be sourced whenever cited.
- Licensed merchandise royalty
- The percentage of wholesale or retail price a licensee pays the school for using its marks. Royalties fund general scholarships at many institutions and are the reason trademark protection is an athletics revenue function.
- Trademark and mark approval
- The licensing office's review of every product, artwork and use of a school's marks before it goes to market. Nothing carrying a school's identity reaches retail without passing it.
- Mascot and wordmark usage
- The rules governing logos, wordmarks, mascots and color systems — where each may appear, at what size, in what lockup, and which uses are reserved. The practical constraint on almost every piece of athletics creative.
- Recruiting calendar
- The periods defining when coaches may contact, evaluate, or visit prospects — contact, evaluation, quiet and dead periods. It governs the timing of nearly all recruiting-adjacent communication.
- Official vs unofficial visit
- An official visit is financed by the school and limited in number; an unofficial visit is at the prospect's own expense. The distinction determines what a school may pay for and is a common source of secondary violations.
- Secondary violation
- An isolated, inadvertent rules breach with minimal competitive advantage, handled through self-reporting rather than major enforcement. Most compliance work is preventing these, and most are caused by well-meant marketing activity.